Viola — Lutherie Encyclopedia

ViolaType: instrumentThe alto voice of the string family, slightly larger than the violin and tuned a fifth lower, providing essential inner harmonic voices in orchestral and chamber music.## History The viola developed alongside the violin in 16th-century Italy, sharing the same Cremonese origins and construction principles. Throughout much of music history, the viola was considered a secondary instrument—a role assigned to less skilled violinists. This perception began to change in the 20th century as players and composers championed the viola as a solo instrument in its own right. William Primrose, Lionel Tertis, and later Yuri Bashmet and Tabea Zimmermann elevated the viola's profile as a solo instrument. Paul Hindemith, himself a violist, wrote significant solo and chamber works for the instrument. Today, the viola is recognized as having a unique, irreplaceable voice, and conservatories train dedicated violists rather than treating the instrument as a violin subsidiary. ## Construction The viola is constructed identically to the violin but is larger, with body lengths ranging from 15 to 17 inches (compared to the violin's standard 14 inches). This size variation exists because the viola's ideal acoustical size (about 21 inches) would be too large to play under the chin; makers compromise between acoustical ideals and ergonomic practicality. The four strings are tuned C-G-D-A—a fifth lower than the violin. Like the violin, the viola has a carved spruce top, carved maple back, and maple sides, neck, and scroll. The internal structure includes a bass bar and sound post. The bow is slightly heavier and shorter than a violin bow. Music for the viola is primar…